物理是一门以实验为基础的学科,实验操作是初中物理教学中的重要组成部分,物理中的许多知识概念及规律都是从实验中总结出来的。教育部通知2023年前要将实验操作纳入初中学业水平考试,也表明了实验教学的重要性。在新课程大力推广的今天,物理中强化实验教学的需要尤为重要。
实验教学中存在的问题
学生
学生:老师电流表咋烧了?电灯泡咋不亮呢?
新课标实验教科书重视学生的动手探究能力,有些学校由于客观条件的限制,学生进入实验室的时间有限,有些学校可能没有什么实验操作条件,教师通过图片、视频、口头表述等进行讲解,以至于学生没有对重点操作事项有更深刻的记忆,可以实验操作的时候可能会失误导致损坏实验仪器。
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
学生没有养成良好的实验习惯,或认为实验操作不重要,或有畏惧心理害怕实验失败,或难度高的实验操作失败丧失对实验的兴趣及信心等等,这些都会影响学生实验学习效果。
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
教师
教师:“学生一大意,电流表丢弃”
物理教学中,实验器材基本上都比较小一些,在给学生演示的时候教师只能在讲台上演示,因班级人数较多,部分学生可能因距离远而无法详细的观察教师所做的实验,导致学生对于物理课及实验内容不感兴趣,教师因仪器设备的问题达不到较好的演示效果。同时带领学生操作实验的时候,担心学生损坏实验器材要求学生程式化的操作实验,无法引导学生突破思维定式。
学校
学校:“学校里没有余表了”
有些学校中学物理实验仪器、实验设施极度缺乏,部分学校虽然对物理实验仪器进行了配备,但部分易损易耗仪器得不到及时修理或补充,致使实验教学无法正常开展或很少开展。
虚拟仿真实验教学
虚拟仿真技术是当前科学前沿技术,在初中物理实验教学中运用,可以突破实验仪器和设备不足的教学限制,帮助学生直观形象地模拟各种物理实验的操作过程,有利于促进学生积极投入实验教学中来,不断提升实验教学效率。
1、创造安全实验室,给予学生拓展空间
打造安全教学环境,让学生自由探索。物理实验中有一些实验具有一定的危险性,如大气压的测量实验,实验中会用到水银,水银蒸汽有毒,会影响师生健康。虚拟仿真实验可以避免这些实验危害,保障师生安全,给予学生安全实践空间。
2、有效帮助教师演示实验教学
把实验化抽象为具体,便于教师直观教学。如伏安法测小灯泡电阻,这个实验比较抽象,需要教师讲解实验原理,教师可以通过虚拟仿真实验来讲述,为学生演示或者让学生自己操作了解其中的原理,在学生对这个实验理解之后再进行真实实验,提升教学效果。
同时如在探究凸透镜成像的规律实验中,室内光线的强弱对实验现象有影响,虚拟仿真实验中不仅避免这个情况,还增加虚拟辅助线,帮助学生理解实验原理。
3、虚拟仿真实验器材避免资源损耗,节约学校成本
弥补实验器材不足。一些学校因为条件的限制,缺少很多复杂先进的实验器材,虚拟仿真实验可以有效弥补实验器材方面不足,促进课堂教学丰富性有效性。
避免实验器材的损耗。初中实验中很多是电学实验,如操作失误接线错误,很容易导致烧坏实验器材。虚拟仿真实验器材没有资源的损耗,可以有效的解决这个问题。
虚拟仿真实验应用
以云幻科教AR仿真实验室资源安装为例,大部分安装在实验室内,教师可以给学生进行实验演示。这种由教师来操作的课堂实验,是一种引导学生观察、思考与分析的实验教学方式,可以有效提升学生的观察能力与实验能力。
实现预期的教学目标。如演示练习使用电流表实验中,告诉学生不能将电流表直接接到电源正负极上的知识点,教师可以给学生用虚拟仿真实验演示一下后果,让学生有个深刻的印象,在做实验的时候会注意到这个问题。
探究性实验拓展探究能力。如探究凸透镜成像的规律实验,教师可以先提出探究性的问题,比如物距大小是否会对成像产生影响?具体特点是什么?教师引导学生根据问题自主设计探究性实验,随后教师跟学生一起验证猜想的内容。
虚拟仿真实验在实验教学中有很大的作用,虽还不能完全替代真实实验,单教师可以在实际的教学中,根据实际教学情况有效运用虚拟仿真实验与真实实验,如危险实验、不明显现象的实验、没有条件做的实验、抽象实验等内容,用虚拟仿真实验与真实实验展示实验教学的最大效能。